Ah, apologies for not seeing that you had completed this one, and 12+ days old might be too much to remember fine details.

This is one of those types of dreams that brings up way more questions than answers. First of all, do you have a scientific background or interest? Was the facility tied to your training or hobbies in any way that might signify a personal connection? This would make a big difference on a "read".
Same goes for the butterfly when it appears (like a spirit of the very things the facility measures, the nature of the planet) -- was its appearance startling to you, did it strike you as oddly out of place or scary or any number of positive emotions/revelations? It seems like it would/should be a big event, and yet any assumption on our part would be more like projecting than analyzing (and projecting is a very self-centered activity, vs struggling to see/understand what someone else experiences). "Stood out" simply isn't enough information of how it entered the dream and how you felt about it. I do find it significant that you felt the effects of it, the wind stirred by it flying so near to you, *affecting* you. Just not enough info to do more than wonder about it.
Dreamscape changes are very common, whether the dream is simply bored of one topic and moving to another unrelated scenario, or whether it is like a visual "rephrasing" as it tries to find different imagery that would be meaningful to you, who knows without more info. 🤷♂️ Most of the clues will be hidden in how you initially felt about the transition (any resonance of "sameness"/similarity between the woman and the butterfly, for example?), and about the woman or the locations you were visiting. Did she act like a guide, or merely a companion? What did each of the locations you pass signify to you? How did *she* react to those (assuming you were keeping at least one eye on her)? Did the graveyard feel like yours or her destination, or like the factory or tavern, just another place to see?
Cardinal directions, when the dreamer is highly aware of them, can also be significant, but no clue if that could just be your sharp sense of direction injecting itself in the dream as if you trying to maintain your bearings. A mind used to always knowing where it is going can also try inserting this into a dream, but some would ascribe mystical properties to it; so who knows without further info. Was she searching for a tombstone or inscription or...? It's interesting that you chose (in the dream) not to ask but to test her togetherness, and note the casual-distractedness with which she answered you, as if to tell you just how unimportant that was compared to whatever was going through her mind/her task. Also significant, I think, but up to you to evaluate how that exchange made *you* feel.
Heh, next time you meet her, it might be good to *ask* her how she feels and what she is doing and *listen* (a skill too few people have, even in their dreams, yet is vital to absorbing truths from our complex environments).
It's also good to be highly aware of and communicate the *type* of dream transition to try and figure a purpose to them; again, it simply could be you mashing several dreams together unless you *felt* connections you can communicate (just because they happen within the same sleep cycle doesn't mean that *have* to be related, and hints you communicate are all we can work with). The first two segments are very solitary experiences (note the woman seemed to ignore you far more than be *with* you, so you seemed to be viewing her as an outsider/other, as you would that butterfly), and the second is quite the opposite, with large social implications (of subdivided teams and manufactured conflicts and you trying to navigate those). Did you feel you were taking sides (by choice or because you felt you had to)? Were these like gangs or businesses or...? (Any kind of impressions of the nature of these factions will help you figure out relevance.) What about the message? Any misgivings/foreboding/suspicions about it, and who could it have been from if not a 4th party (not you or either of these 2 factions you were aware of)? Did you feel like a negotiator or a facilitator or a lackey/pawn? This would make a world of difference, contextual meaning.
You seem to be highly aware of specific surface details (like exact building purposes: factory, tavern, city hall) without revealing the kinds of details/interconnections that would lend them meaning. After all, without interconnection, all data points are worthless. In my experience, dreams expect the exact same kind of mental discipline from you if you want to understand them better. It is those *deeper* hints that will provide options other than shrugging through some vague-mysterious feelings and begin to put meaning to them.